Compact zoom cameras tend not to offer low number f-stops, unless they are very high end, but even then it is hard to incorporate the kind of glass required in such a small frame they also have small(er) sensors. So, with an iPhone, although you may be shooting at f2.2, the focal length is very short/wide, and the sensor is so different, that it is hard to get any background blur. The type of sensor that the iPhone camera has, for example, is very different to that of a compact zoom camera, or a DSLR. But I thought it was worth mentioning here all the same. There are huge variations between camera sensors and I am certainly no expert on these. Very simply speaking, the larger the sensor that your camera has, the greater the background blur. There is nothing worse than getting home and downloading your photos and realising that NONE of them are sharp enough (yes, it has happened to me!). I would recommend taking the same shot using a few different f-stop numbers and then comparing the results afterwards. You should also be aware that some camera lenses have a tendency to be very soft and not sharp enough when you shoot at the lowest f-stop number. I usually shoot somewhere between f1.4 and f2.8 when I'm after a shallow depth of field, but it depends on the other elements below. Each lens will have a different range of f-stops. If you want to achieve a shallow depth of field/blurry background, it is probably best to shoot in Aperture Priority mode on your camera (AV mode), and to choose the lowest number f-stop available to you for the lens you are using. A high f-stop number will cause more of your image to be in focus.
The lower the number of your f-stop, the shallower the depth of field (and the more light is allowed in you might hear it referred to as "shooting wide open"). Aperture controls how much light reaches your camera's sensor.
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